I. Measuring instrument factors

1. Instrument accuracy limitations

Magnetic measuring instruments themselves have certain accuracy errors. For example, when a magnetometer measures magnetic field strength, the measurement results may deviate from the actual value due to factors such as sensitivity limitations of the sensor and noise of electronic components. The accuracy of instruments of different models and brands will also vary. High-precision instruments are usually expensive, but they can reduce measurement errors to a certain extent.

For some old measuring instruments, the accuracy decline may be more obvious due to long-term use, lack of maintenance or backward technology. When performing magnetic measurements, an instrument with appropriate accuracy should be selected according to the measurement requirements, and the instrument should be calibrated and maintained regularly to ensure the accuracy of the measurement results.

2. Instrument calibration is inaccurate

Magnetic measuring instruments require regular calibration to ensure the reliability of measurement results. If the calibration is inaccurate, large measurement errors will be introduced. During the calibration process, the calibration coefficient of the instrument may deviate due to factors such as improper selection of standard samples, incorrect calibration methods, or unstable calibration environments.

For example, when using standard samples for calibration, the magnetic properties of the standard samples may change with time, temperature and other factors, thus affecting the calibration results. In addition, different calibration methods may be suitable for different types of measuring instruments and measurement tasks, and selecting an inappropriate calibration method can also lead to errors.

II. Sample factors

1. Sample unevenness

During the preparation process of amorphous nanocrystalline materials, problems such as uneven composition and uneven structure may occur, resulting in differences in the magnetic properties of the sample in different parts. This non-uniformity will cause the measurement results to not accurately represent the magnetism of the entire sample, thus creating errors.

For example, when preparing amorphous nanocrystalline ribbons, the magnetic properties of different regions of the ribbon may be different due to uneven cooling rates or uneven mixing of raw materials. In order to reduce the error caused by the unevenness of the sample, the method of averaging at multiple points can be adopted, or the sample can be prepared and processed more carefully to improve the uniformity of the sample.

2. Sample shape and size

The shape and size of the sample can also have an impact on magnetic measurement results. Samples of different shapes may be magnetized differently in a magnetic field, leading to differences in measurement results. For example, the magnetization curves may be different for strip-shaped samples and for sheet-shaped samples.

The size of the sample also affects the measurement results. Generally speaking, samples with larger sizes may be less affected by edge effects, but problems with uneven magnetic fields may occur during the measurement process; samples with smaller sizes may be more susceptible to edge effects and measurement instrument resolution. rate limit. When performing magnetic measurements, the appropriate sample shape and size should be selected based on the requirements of the measuring instrument and the characteristics of the sample, and the influence of factors such as edge effects should be considered.

3. Sample surface condition

The surface state of the sample, such as roughness, oxide layer, etc., may also affect the magnetic measurement results. A rough surface may cause the magnetic field to be unevenly distributed on the sample surface, thus affecting the measurement results. The existence of the oxide layer may change the magnetic properties of the sample, especially for some amorphous nanocrystalline materials that are easily oxidized, the impact of the oxide layer is more significant.

In order to reduce the error caused by the surface condition of the sample, the sample can be surface treated, such as grinding, polishing, etc., to remove the oxide layer and impurities on the surface and improve the flatness of the surface. At the same time, during the measurement process, the sample surface should be kept as clean and dry as possible to avoid being affected by the external environment.

III. Measuring environmental factors

1. Temperature changes

Temperature has a great influence on the magnetic properties of amorphous nanocrystalline materials. As the temperature changes, magnetic parameters such as magnetization and coercivity of the material will change. During the magnetic measurement process, if the temperature of the measurement environment is unstable or differs greatly from the standard temperature, measurement errors will be introduced.

For example, some amorphous nanocrystalline materials have high magnetic properties at low temperatures, but their magnetism decreases significantly at high temperatures. Therefore, when performing magnetic measurements, the temperature of the measurement environment should be kept as stable as possible and measurements should be performed at standard temperatures. If it is impossible to measure at the standard temperature, the effect of temperature on the measurement results should be considered and corresponding temperature correction should be made.

2. Magnetic field interference

External magnetic field interference in the measurement environment can also affect magnetic measurement results. For example, nearby electrical equipment, electromagnets, etc. may produce stray magnetic fields that interfere with the normal operation of measuring instruments. In addition, the existence of the earth's magnetic field may also have a certain impact on the measurement results, especially for the measurement of weakly magnetic materials.

In order to reduce the errors caused by magnetic field interference, shielding measures can be taken, such as using magnetic shields and placing measuring instruments away from sources of magnetic field interference. At the same time, before conducting measurements, you should check whether there are obvious sources of magnetic field interference in the measurement environment and take appropriate measures to eliminate them.

3. Effect of humidity

Humidity also has a certain impact on the magnetism of amorphous nanocrystalline materials. A high-humidity environment may cause moisture to be absorbed on the surface of the material, thereby changing the material's magnetic properties. In addition, humidity may also affect the performance of measuring instruments, especially for some measuring instruments with many electronic components. Humidity may cause the performance of electronic components to decrease, thus affecting the measurement results.

In order to reduce the error caused by humidity, magnetic measurements can be performed in a dry environment, or desiccant and other measures can be used to reduce the humidity of the measurement environment. At the same time, during the measurement process, attention should be paid to protecting the measuring instrument and samples to avoid being affected by humidity.