Ⅰ. Measuring instruments

1. Choose the right instrument

According to the characteristics and measurement requirements of amorphous nanocrystalline materials, magnetic measuring instruments with high accuracy, good stability and wide application range are selected. For example, for the measurement of weakly magnetic materials, a magnetometer with high sensitivity should be selected; for high-frequency magnetic measurement, an instrument with good frequency response should be selected.

Understand the measurement principles, advantages and disadvantages of different instruments, and make choices based on actual needs. For example, the vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) is suitable for measuring the magnetism of small samples and has high resolution and sensitivity; while the superconducting quantum interferometer (SQUID) is suitable for measuring the magnetism under extremely low magnetic fields and has extremely high High sensitivity.

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2. Instrument calibration and maintenance

Calibrate magnetic measuring instruments regularly to ensure that the measurement values of the instruments are accurate and reliable. Calibration can use standard samples or reference materials with known magnetic parameters and follow the instrument's calibration procedures.

Keep the instrument in good condition and perform regular maintenance and upkeep. For example, clean the sensor and measurement probe of the instrument, check whether the connecting lines and electronic components of the instrument are normal, and replace damaged parts in a timely manner.

Ⅱ. Sample preparation

1. Ensure sample uniformity

Use appropriate preparation methods and processes to ensure uniform composition and structure of amorphous nanocrystalline material samples. For example, when preparing amorphous nanocrystalline strips, the parameters of the melting and cooling processes are controlled to ensure uniform thickness and width of the strips and to avoid component segregation and structural defects.

Screen and inspect the prepared samples to eliminate uneven samples. The uniformity of the sample can be evaluated through visual inspection, metallographic analysis, X-ray diffraction and other methods.

2. Sample size and shape

Select the appropriate sample size and shape according to the requirements of the measuring instrument and the measurement method. Generally speaking, the size of the sample should be moderate. It should not be too large to cause uneven magnetic field, nor too small to affect the measurement accuracy.

For samples with special shapes, customized sample holders or measurement probes can be used to ensure good contact between the sample and the instrument and uniform distribution of the magnetic field.

Ⅲ. Measurement environment

1. Control temperature and humidity

Temperature and humidity have a certain impact on the magnetism of amorphous nanocrystalline materials, so the temperature and humidity of the measurement environment should be controlled during the measurement process. Generally speaking, measurements should be carried out in an environment with constant temperature and humidity, temperature fluctuations should be controlled within a small range, and humidity should be maintained at an appropriate level.

Temperature controllers and humidity regulators can be used to adjust the temperature and humidity of the measurement environment to ensure the stability and reliability of measurement results.

2. Eliminate magnetic field interference

External magnetic field interference in the measurement environment will affect the magnetic measurement results of amorphous nanocrystalline materials, so measures should be taken to eliminate magnetic field interference. For example, you can use a magnetic shield or perform measurements in an environment free of magnetic field interference.

Check whether there are strong magnetic field sources around the measurement site, such as motors, transformers, etc. If necessary, take shielding or distance measures.

Ⅳ. Measurement methods

1. Choose the appropriate measurement method

Select the appropriate measurement method based on the magnetic characteristics and measurement requirements of amorphous nanocrystalline materials. For example, for static magnetic measurement, the DC hysteresis loop method or the magnetization curve method can be used; for dynamic magnetic measurement, the AC magnetization method or the pulse magnetic field method can be used.

Understand the advantages, disadvantages and applicable scope of different measurement methods, and make your choice based on actual conditions. For example, the DC hysteresis loop method can measure parameters such as saturation magnetization and coercivity of materials, but the measurement time is long; while the AC magnetization method can quickly measure parameters such as magnetic permeability and loss of materials, but it requires a long time to measure the measuring instrument. The requirements are higher.

2. Strictly follow the measurement procedures

When performing magnetic measurements, the operation manual and measurement procedures of the measuring instrument should be strictly followed to ensure the standardization and accuracy of the measurement process.

Pay attention to the settings of measurement parameters, such as magnetic field strength, frequency, temperature, etc., and make reasonable adjustments according to the measurement requirements. At the same time, various parameters and data during the measurement process are recorded for subsequent analysis and processing.

Ⅴ. Data processing

1. Data accuracy and reliability testing

Test the accuracy and reliability of the measured data, and eliminate abnormal data and data with large errors. Statistical analysis methods, such as mean, standard deviation, confidence interval, etc., can be used to evaluate the quality of the data.

Check the consistency and repeatability of the data, and if necessary, perform repeated measurements or comparative measurements to ensure the reliability of the data.

2. Reasonable data processing methods

Choose appropriate data processing methods to analyze and process measurement data. For example, for the data of magnetization curve and hysteresis loop, the method of fitting curve can be used to obtain the magnetic parameters of the material; for the data of AC magnetization, the calculation method of complex magnetic permeability can be used to obtain the magnetic permeability and permeability of the material. loss and other parameters.

During data processing, attention should be paid to the unit and accuracy of the data to avoid calculation errors and data distortion. At the same time, the processing results are reasonably interpreted and analyzed, combined with the material characteristics and measurement conditions, to draw accurate conclusions.